Methyl methacrylate (MMA) o se vailaʻau faʻasolosolo taua mea mata ma polymer monomer, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o tioata faʻapitoa, faʻapipiʻi palasitika, acrylics, coatings ma mea tau vailaʻau polymer aoga, ma isi.

I le avea ai o se monomer meafaitino, e masani ona faʻaaogaina le MMA i le gaosiga o le polymethyl methacrylate (e masani ona taʻua o le plexiglass, PMMA), ma e mafai foi ona faʻapipiʻiina ma isi vailaʻau vinyl e maua ai oloa ma mea eseese, e pei o le gaosiga o le polyvinyl chloride (PVC) faʻaopoopoga ACR, MBS ma le monomer lona lua i le gaosiga o acrylics.

I le taimi nei, e tolu ituaiga o faiga matua mo le gaosiga o le MMA i le fale ma fafo: methacrylamide hydrolysis esterification auala (acetone cyanohydrin auala ma le methacrylonitrile auala), isobutylene oxidation auala (Mitsubishi process ma Asahi Kasei faagasologa) ma ethylene carbonyl synthesis auala (metotia BASF ma Lucite Alpha auala).

1, Methacrylamide hydrolysis auala esterification
O lenei auala o le auala masani o le gaosiga o le MMA, e aofia ai le acetone cyanohydrin method ma le methacrylonitrile method, i le maeʻa ai o le methacrylamide intermediate hydrolysis, esterification synthesis o MMA.

(1) Acetone cyanohydrin auala (ACH method)

O le auala ACH, muamua na atiaʻe e le US Lucite, o le auala muamua o gaosiga o fale gaosi oloa a le MMA, ma o le faʻaogaina o le gaosiga o le MMA i le lalolagi i le taimi nei. O lenei metotia e faʻaaogaina ai le acetone, hydrocyanic acid, sulfuric acid ma le methanol e fai ma mea mataʻutia, ma o laʻasaga faʻaalia e aofia ai: cyanohydrinization reaction, amidation reaction and hydrolysis esterification reaction.

O le fa'agasologa o le ACH e matua fa'atekinolosi, ae o lo'o i ai fa'afitauli matuia nei:

○ Le faʻaaogaina o le hydrocyanic acid e sili ona oona, lea e manaʻomia ai ni puipuiga malosi i le taimi o le teuina, felauaiga ma le faʻaaogaina;

○ E ala i le gaosiga o se aofaiga tele o mea o totoe o le acid (vaivai vai ma le sulfuric acid ma le ammonium bisulfate e avea ma vaega autu ma o loʻo i ai se vaega itiiti o mea faʻalaʻau), o le aofaʻi o le 2.5 ~ 3.5 taimi o le MMA, ma o se punavai ogaoga o le faʻaleagaina o le siosiomaga;

o Ona o le faʻaaogaina o le sulfuric acid, e manaʻomia ai mea e faʻafefe ai mea, ma e taugata le fausiaina o le masini.

(2) Methacrylonitrile auala (Metotia MAN)

Ua atiae e Asahi Kasei le faagasologa o le methacrylonitrile (MAN) e faavae i luga o le auala ACH, o lona uiga, o le isobutylene poʻo le tert-butanol e faʻamaʻiina e le ammonia e maua ai le MAN, lea e tali atu i le sulfuric acid e maua ai le methacrylamide, ona tali atu lea i le sulfuric acid ma le methanol e maua ai le MMA. O le auala MAN e aofia ai le ammonia oxidation reaction, amidation reaction and hydrolysis esterification reaction, ma e mafai ona fa'aogaina le tele o meafaigaluega a le fale ACH. O le fa'aogaina o le hydrolysis e fa'aaogaina ai le sili atu o le sulfuric acid, ma o le fua o le methacrylamide intermediate e toetoe lava 100%. Ae ui i lea, o le metotia o loʻo i ai mea e sili ona oona o le hydrocyanic acid, o le hydrocyanic acid ma le sulfuric acid e matua pala, o mea e manaʻomia e tali atu e maualuga tele, ae o le siosiomaga e maualuga tele.

2、 auala fa'ama'i ole isobutylene
O le Isobutylene oxidation o le auala faʻatekonolosi sili lea mo kamupani tetele i le lalolagi ona o lona maualuga maualuga ma le puipuiga o le siosiomaga, ae o lona tulaga faʻapitoa e maualuga, ma e naʻo Iapani na i ai le tekonolosi i le lalolagi ma poloka le tekonolosi i Saina. O le metotia e aofia ai ituaiga e lua o le Mitsubishi process ma Asahi Kasei process.

(1) Mitsubishi process (isobutylene tolu-laasaga auala)

O le Mitsubishi Rayon a Iapani na atiina ae se faiga fou e gaosia ai le MMA mai le isobutylene poʻo le tert-butanol e avea ma mea mata, lua-laasaga filifilia faʻamaʻi e ala i le ea e maua ai le methacrylic acid (MAA), ona faʻamasimaina lea i le methanol. Ina ua uma le alamanuia o Mitsubishi Rayon, Iapani Asahi Kasei Kamupani, Iapani Kyoto Monomer Kamupani, Korea Lucky Kamupani, ma isi ua iloa alamanuia tasi ma le isi. O le Shanghai Huayi Group Company na teufaafaigaluegaina le tele o punaoa a le tagata ma tupe, ma ina ua mavae le 15 tausaga o taumafaiga faifaipea ma le le mafaagaloina o augatupulaga e lua, na ia atiina ae tutoatasi le lua-laasaga oxidation ma esterification o isobutylene mama gaosiga MMA tekinolosi, ma ia Tesema 2017, na faamaeaina ma tuuina atu i totonu o le faagaoioiga o se 50,000-tono le kamupani gaosi oloa a Yuming Dongi Huaming. Heze, Itumalo o Shandong, talepeina le pule faʻatekonolosi a Iapani ma avea ai ma kamupani e tasi i lenei tekinolosi i Saina. tekinolosi, ma avea ai foi Saina ma atunuu lona lua e maua le tekinolosi alamanuia mo le gaosiga o le MAA ma le MMA e ala i le oxidation o isobutylene.

(2) Asahi Kasei fa'agasologa (isobutylene lua-laasaga fa'agasologa)

O le Faalapotopotoga a Asahi Kasei a Iapani ua leva ona tuuto atu i le atinaʻeina o auala esterification tuusaʻo mo le gaosiga o le MMA, lea na faʻaleleia lelei ma faʻaaogaina i le 1999 ma se fale gaosi oloa 60,000-ton i Kawasaki, Iapani, ma mulimuli ane faʻalauteleina i le 100,000 tone. O le auala faʻapitoa e aofia ai se tali e lua-laasaga, o lona uiga o le faʻamaʻiina o le isobutylene poʻo le tert-butanol i le gas phase i lalo o le gaioiga a le Mo-Bi composite oxide catalyst e maua ai le methacrolein (MAL), sosoo ai ma le faʻamaʻiina o le oxidative o le MAL i le vaega vai i lalo o le gaioiga a le Pd-Pb catalyst e gaosia saʻo MMA, lea o le auala faʻamaʻi e maua ai le MMA. Ole auala ole faiga ole Asahi Kasei e faigofie, e na o le lua laasaga ole tali atu ma naʻo le vai e fai ma mea faʻapitoa, lea e lanu meamata ma faʻafeiloaʻi le siosiomaga, ae o le mamanu ma le sauniuniga o le catalyst e matuaʻi manaʻomia. Ua lipotia mai o Asahi Kasei's oxidative esterification catalyst ua faaleleia mai le uluai augatupulaga o le Pd-Pb i le tupulaga fou o Au-Ni catalyst.

Ina ua mavae le alamanuia o tekinolosi Asahi Kasei, mai le 2003 i le 2008, amata suesuega faalapotopotoga i totonu o le atunuu se boom suesuega i lenei eria, faatasi ai ma le tele o iunite e pei o Hebei Normal Iunivesite, Inisetiute o Process Inisinia, Saina Academy o Saienisi, Iunivesite Tianjin ma Harbin Inisinia Iunivesite taulai atu i le atinae ma le faaleleia o Pd-Pb catalysts, ma isi ina ua uma le 2015 o le catalyst sui o le au-Ni o loʻo amata suʻesuʻega i totonu o Au-Ni. Dalian Inisetiute o Inisinia Vailaau Mata, Saina Academy o Saienisi, ua faia le alualu i luma tele i le suesuega pailate laiti, faamaeaina le optimization o nano-auro catalyst faagasologa sauniuniga, tulaga tali suʻesuʻe ma faʻaleleia tūsaʻo umi-taamilosaga suʻega iloiloga, ma o loʻo galulue malosi nei ma atinaʻe e atiina ae tekinolosi alamanuia.

3. Ethylene carbonyl synthesis ala
O le tekinolosi o le ethylene carbonyl synthesis auala alamanuia e aofia ai le faagasologa BASF ma le ethylene-propionic acid methyl ester process.

(1) auala ethylene-propionic acid (fa'agasologa BASF)

O le faagasologa e aofia ai laasaga e fa: ethylene ua hydroformylated e maua propionaldehyde, propionaldehyde ua condensed ma formaldehyde e maua ai MAL, MAL o le ea oxidized i se tubular reactor moega-maua e maua ai MAA, ma MAA ua vavaeeseina ma faamamaina e maua ai le MMA e esterification ma methanol. O le tali o le laasaga autu. O le faagasologa e manaʻomia ai ni laasaga se fa, lea e fai si faigata ma e manaʻomia ai meafaigaluega maualuga ma le maualuga o tupe faʻaalu, ae o le lelei o le tau maualalo o mea mata.

Ua faia fo'i fa'alavelave fa'ale-lotoifale i le atina'eina o tekonolosi o le ethylene-propylene-formaldehyde synthesis o le MMA. 2017, Shanghai Huayi Group Company, i le galulue faatasi ma Nanjing NOAO New Materials Company ma le Iunivesite o Tianjin, faamaeaina se suega pailate o 1,000 tone o propylene-formaldehyde condensation ma formaldehyde i methacrolein ma le atinae o se afifi faagasologa mo se fale gaosi oloa 90,000 tone. E le gata i lea, o le Institute of Process Engineering a le Chinese Academy of Sciences, i le galulue faatasi ai ma le Henan Energy and Chemical Group, na maeʻa le 1,000 tone pailate fale gaosi oloa ma ausia manuia le faʻagaioiga mautu i le 2018.

(2) Ethylene-methyl propionate process (Lucite Alpha process)

Lucite Alpha faʻagasologa tulaga faʻagaioia e agamalu, fua o oloa e maualuga, tupe teu faʻafaigaluega ma tau mea mata e maualalo, ma le fua o se iunite e tasi e faigofie ona faia tele, i le taimi nei na o Lucite e pulea faapitoa lenei tekinolosi i le lalolagi ma e le siitia atu i fafo atu o le lalolagi.

O le faagasologa o le Alpha ua vaevaeina i ni laasaga se lua:

Ole laasaga muamua ole tali ole ethylene ile CO ma le methanol e maua ai le methyl propionate

faʻaaogaina palladium-based homogeneous carbonylation catalyst, o loʻo i ai uiga o le maualuga o le gaioiga, maualuga le filifilia (99.9%) ma le umi o le auaunaga, ma o le tali e faia i lalo o tulaga agamalu, lea e itiiti ifo le pala i le masini ma faʻaitiitia ai le faʻafaigaluegaina o tupe faavae;

O le laasaga lona lua o le tali atu o le methyl propionate ma le formaldehyde e fausia ai le MMA

O lo'o fa'aaogaina se fa'ato'aga fa'a-vaega fa'apitoa, lea e maualuga le filifilia o le MMA. I tausaga talu ai nei, ua tuuina atu pisinisi i totonu o le atunuu le naunautai tele i le atinae faatekinolosi o le methyl propionate ma formaldehyde condensation i MMA, ma ua faia le alualu i luma tele i catalyst ma tumau-moega tali atinae faagasologa, ae o le olaga catalyst e lei ausia manaoga mo talosaga tau alamanuia.